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FIRST RELEASE |
CROATIAN
BUREAU OF STATISTICS ISSN 1334-0565 |
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YEAR: XLVI. |
ZAGREB, 29 OCTOBER, 2009 |
NUMBER: 8.2.1. |
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OBLIGED TO NOTIFY DATA SOURCE |
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RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT, 2008
In 2008, according to this survey, the gross domestic expenditures for R&D were the highest in fields of engineering (30.8%), life sciences (21.5%), biomedicine and health (17.0%) and humanities (11.4%).
Regarding sources intended for R&D, 46.7% were central and local government resources, 36.4% were own resources and 8.8% were resources of private and public enterprises. Foreign resources take part at 7.9% of the whole.
For reasons of international comparability in business sector, “activity groups” were formed following the international methodology (the Frascati Manual 2002). They are in line with the NKD 2007. and therefore comparable to the NACE and ISIC. The highest expenditures in that system were shown in the activity group comprised in the NKD 2007. division 72, Research and development (31.9%), followed by Manufacture of basic pharmaceutical products and pharmaceutical preparations (27.1%) and Telecommunications (14.9%).
There were 15 755 persons in full- and part-time employment engaged in R&D-related jobs, out of which 49.4% were women. Out of the total number, 68.3% were researchers. The share of women among researchers was 46.0%. There were 53.2% doctors of science among researchers (share of women among researchers holding a degree of doctor of science was 41.7%) and 14.4% masters of science (with 48.0% share of women).
In line with the requirements of the international statistics, the total of 10 767 researchers in full-and part-time employment might as well be expressed by the full-time equivalent (FTE) in the R&D-related jobs. Thus, there were 6 300 person-years (that is, researchers working full time in R&D), which is an indicator of the actual quality manpower in this field in Croatia.
There were 1 773 persons hired by contractual agreement or author’s contract, which was 665 person-years expressed by means of full-time equivalent. Among them there were 1 148 researchers or 396 person-years.
Out of the total of 10 567 published research works, the greatest share pertained to three fields of science: engineering (19.1%), social sciences (18.3%) and biotechnical sciences (15.9%). Regarding the breakdown of published research works by type, the majority were basic (46.9%), followed by applied works (38.6%). There were 37.8% research works issued in international publications.
Regarding the sectoral distribution, 68 out of 205 observation units belonged to business sector, 62 to government sector, 1 to non-profit sector and 74 to higher education.
Thousand kuna
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|
Gross domestic expenditures |
Gross investments |
Current expenditures |
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Total |
Gross wages |
Material costs |
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|
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Sectors − total |
3 073 965 |
418 957 |
2 655 008 |
1 590 808 |
1 064 200 |
|
Life sciences |
661 934 |
100 397 |
561 537 |
303 243 |
258 294 |
|
Engineering |
947 497 |
181 326 |
766 171 |
508 914 |
257 257 |
|
Biomedicine and health |
521 064 |
26 637 |
494 427 |
214 617 |
279 810 |
|
Biotechnical sciences |
295 305 |
44 667 |
250 638 |
167 890 |
82 748 |
|
Social sciences |
288 069 |
12 930 |
275 139 |
175 592 |
99 547 |
|
Humanities |
351 577 |
52 588 |
298 989 |
213 695 |
85 294 |
|
Artistic field |
1 580 |
2 |
1 578 |
1 481 |
97 |
|
Interdisciplinary field of science |
6 939 |
410 |
6 529 |
5 376 |
1 153 |
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|
|
|
|
|
|
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Business sector |
1 361 423 |
246 843 |
1 114 580 |
572 741 |
541 839 |
|
Life sciences |
274 929 |
57 161 |
217 768 |
71 260 |
146 508 |
|
Engineering |
601 577 |
142 418 |
459 159 |
321 669 |
137 490 |
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Biomedicine and health |
363 815 |
13 873 |
349 942 |
112 896 |
237 046 |
|
Biotechnical sciences |
102 111 |
33 373 |
68 738 |
51 663 |
17 075 |
|
Social sciences |
18 991 |
18 |
18 973 |
15 253 |
3 720 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Government sector |
776 109 |
62 385 |
713 724 |
461 877 |
251 847 |
|
Life sciences |
315 482 |
33 312 |
282 170 |
190 259 |
91 911 |
|
Engineering |
67 578 |
7 927 |
59 651 |
41 328 |
18 323 |
|
Biomedicine and health |
74 457 |
5 801 |
68 656 |
50 733 |
17 923 |
|
Biotechnical sciences |
36 698 |
2 217 |
34 481 |
25 120 |
9 361 |
|
Social sciences |
154 807 |
9 941 |
144 866 |
73 679 |
71 187 |
|
Humanities |
120 148 |
2 777 |
117 371 |
75 382 |
41 989 |
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Interdisciplinary field of science |
6 939 |
410 |
6 529 |
5 376 |
1 153 |
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|
|
|
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Non-profit sector |
3 731 |
178 |
3 553 |
2 275 |
1 278 |
|
Humanities |
3 731 |
178 |
3 553 |
2 275 |
1 278 |
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|
|
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Higher education |
932 702 |
109 551 |
823 151 |
553 915 |
269 236 |
|
Life sciences |
71 523 |
9 924 |
61 599 |
41 724 |
19 875 |
|
Engineering |
278 342 |
30 981 |
247 361 |
145 917 |
101 444 |
|
Biomedicine and health |
82 792 |
6 963 |
75 829 |
50 988 |
24 841 |
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Biotechnical sciences |
156 496 |
9 077 |
147 419 |
91 107 |
56 312 |
|
Social sciences |
114 271 |
2 971 |
111 300 |
86 660 |
24 640 |
|
Humanities |
227 698 |
49 633 |
178 065 |
136 038 |
42 027 |
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Artistic field |
1 580 |
2 |
1 578 |
1 481 |
97 |
Thousand kuna
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Total |
Own |
Central and local government |
Private and public enterprises |
Non-profit |
Foreign |
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Sectors – total |
3 073 965 |
1 118 236 |
1 436 542 |
272 007 |
5 700 |
241 480 |
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Percentage |
100,0 |
36,4 |
46,7 |
8,8 |
0,2 |
7,9 |
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Business sector |
1 361 423 |
983 180 |
23 955 |
153 700 |
612 |
199 976 |
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Percentage |
100,0 |
72,2 |
1,8 |
11,3 |
0,0 |
14,7 |
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Government sector |
776 109 |
78 149 |
653 886 |
21 760 |
1 953 |
20 361 |
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Percentage |
100,0 |
10,1 |
84,3 |
2,8 |
0,2 |
2,6 |
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Non-profit sector |
3 731 |
21 |
1 787 |
- |
- |
1 923 |
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Percentage |
100,0 |
0,6 |
47,9 |
- |
- |
51,5 |
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Higher education |
932 702 |
56 886 |
756 914 |
96 547 |
3 135 |
19 220 |
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Percentage |
100,0 |
6,1 |
81,2 |
10,3 |
0,3 |
2,1 |
Thousand kuna
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Gross domestic expenditures |
Gross |
Current expenditures |
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Total |
Gross wages |
Material costs |
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Business sector − total |
1 361 423 |
246 843 |
1 114 580 |
572 741 |
541 839 |
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Agriculture, hunting, forestry and fishing (01, 02, 03) |
960 |
20 |
940 |
870 |
70 |
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Manufacture of food products and beverages (10, 11) |
81 631 |
31 051 |
50 580 |
38 826 |
11 754 |
|
Manufacture of tobacco products (12) |
689 |
- |
689 |
590 |
99 |
|
Manufacture of wearing apparel and articles of fur (14) |
1 897 |
1 572 |
325 |
101 |
224 |
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Manufacture of refined petroleum products(19.2) |
40 357 |
8 000 |
32 357 |
27 588 |
4 769 |
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Manufacture of chemicals and chemical products (20) |
15 571 |
91 |
15 480 |
12 777 |
2 703 |
|
Manufacture of basic pharmaceutical products and pharmaceutical preparations (21) |
368 953 |
13 820 |
355 133 |
116 675 |
238 458 |
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Manufacture of fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment (25, except 25.4) |
975 |
- |
975 |
630 |
345 |
|
Manufacture
of electrical motors, generators and |
14 726 |
489 |
14 237 |
8 519 |
5 718 |
|
Manufacture of electricity distribution and control apparatus (27.12) |
893 |
45 |
848 |
711 |
137 |
|
Manufacture of other electrical equipment (27.9) |
941 |
203 |
738 |
339 |
399 |
|
Manufacture of communication equipment (26.3) |
8 057 |
297 |
7 760 |
7 198 |
562 |
|
Manufacture of motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers (29) |
81 438 |
56 126 |
25 312 |
10 297 |
15 015 |
|
Building of ships and boats; repair and maintenance of ships and boats (30.1, 33.15) |
15 914 |
10 402 |
5 512 |
5 275 |
237 |
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Manufacture of railway locomotives and rolling stock; repair and maintenance of other transport equipment (30.2, 33.17) |
11 984 |
- |
11 984 |
5 136 |
6 848 |
|
Construction (41, 42, 43) |
47 589 |
1 300 |
46 289 |
32 177 |
14 112 |
|
Telecommunications (61) |
202 728 |
54 073 |
148 655 |
115 648 |
33 007 |
|
Financial service activities; insurance, reinsurance and pension funding, except compulsory social security; activities auxiliary to financial services (64, 65, 66) |
18 398 |
- |
18 398 |
14 931 |
3 467 |
|
Computer
programming and releated activities (exc. |
4 396 |
485 |
3 911 |
2 748 |
1 163 |
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Software publishing; Computer consultancy activities (58.2, 62.02) |
5 223 |
26 |
5 197 |
3 795 |
1 402 |
|
Scientific research and development (72) |
434 537 |
68 843 |
365 694 |
166 269 |
199 425 |
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Architectural and engineering activities and related technical consultancy; Technical testing and analysis (71) |
3 566 |
- |
3 566 |
1 641 |
1 925 |
4.1. PERSONS IN FULL-TIME AND PART-TIME EMPLOYMENT ENGAGED IN R&D, BY SECTORS, FIELDS OF SCIENCE AND SEX, 2008
Headcount
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Total |
Researchers |
Research |
Technicians |
Managers |
Other supporting |
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All |
Women |
All |
Women |
All |
Women |
All |
Women |
All |
Women |
All |
Women |
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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Sectors − total |
15 755 |
7 789 |
10 767 |
4 952 |
1 594 |
716 |
1 555 |
856 |
310 |
131 |
1 529 |
1 134 |
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Life sciences |
2 183 |
1 107 |
1 428 |
698 |
236 |
119 |
228 |
106 |
29 |
17 |
262 |
167 |
|
Engineering |
4 598 |
1 529 |
2 869 |
859 |
736 |
195 |
499 |
165 |
127 |
32 |
367 |
278 |
|
Biomedicine and health |
3 598 |
2 060 |
2 757 |
1 424 |
148 |
105 |
400 |
299 |
63 |
41 |
230 |
191 |
|
Biotechnical sciences |
1 597 |
868 |
897 |
426 |
167 |
113 |
176 |
107 |
46 |
22 |
311 |
200 |
|
Social sciences |
2 184 |
1 260 |
1 516 |
796 |
240 |
147 |
190 |
129 |
26 |
11 |
212 |
177 |
|
Humanities |
1 548 |
937 |
1 267 |
730 |
61 |
35 |
62 |
50 |
19 |
8 |
139 |
114 |
|
Artistic field |
12 |
6 |
12 |
6 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
Interdisciplinary
field of |
35 |
22 |
21 |
13 |
6 |
2 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
8 |
7 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Business sector |
2 898 |
1 306 |
1 250 |
548 |
697 |
252 |
603 |
308 |
193 |
81 |
155 |
117 |
|
Life sciences |
165 |
121 |
97 |
69 |
15 |
12 |
25 |
19 |
17 |
12 |
11 |
9 |
|
Engineering |
1 757 |
531 |
792 |
222 |
496 |
129 |
302 |
117 |
105 |
27 |
62 |
36 |
|
Biomedicine and health |
555 |
394 |
257 |
193 |
20 |
17 |
195 |
120 |
41 |
25 |
42 |
39 |
|
Biotechnical sciences |
312 |
213 |
97 |
62 |
86 |
61 |
69 |
47 |
30 |
17 |
30 |
26 |
|
Social sciences |
109 |
47 |
7 |
2 |
80 |
33 |
12 |
5 |
- |
- |
10 |
7 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Government sector |
4 013 |
2 133 |
2 465 |
1 258 |
598 |
325 |
364 |
196 |
72 |
26 |
514 |
328 |
|
Life sciences |
1 233 |
615 |
703 |
362 |
189 |
88 |
135 |
49 |
12 |
5 |
194 |
111 |
|
Engineering |
221 |
81 |
54 |
15 |
83 |
24 |
26 |
7 |
16 |
3 |
42 |
32 |
|
Biomedicine and health |
1 184 |
614 |
989 |
473 |
115 |
80 |
47 |
35 |
14 |
9 |
19 |
17 |
|
Biotechnical sciences |
335 |
157 |
114 |
48 |
34 |
14 |
55 |
34 |
11 |
3 |
121 |
58 |
|
Social sciences |
518 |
332 |
229 |
124 |
122 |
86 |
79 |
56 |
15 |
4 |
73 |
62 |
|
Humanities |
487 |
312 |
355 |
223 |
49 |
31 |
22 |
15 |
4 |
2 |
57 |
41 |
|
Interdisciplinary
field of |
35 |
22 |
21 |
13 |
6 |
2 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
8 |
7 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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|
|
|
|
|
|
Non-profit sector |
17 |
6 |
9 |
2 |
6 |
3 |
- |
- |
1 |
- |
1 |
1 |
|
Humanities |
17 |
6 |
9 |
2 |
6 |
3 |
- |
- |
1 |
- |
1 |
1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Higher education |
8 827 |
4 344 |
7 043 |
3 144 |
293 |
136 |
588 |
352 |
44 |
24 |
859 |
688 |
|
Life sciences |
785 |
371 |
628 |
267 |
32 |
19 |
68 |
38 |
- |
- |
57 |
47 |
|
Engineering |
2 620 |
917 |
2 023 |
622 |
157 |
42 |
171 |
41 |
6 |
2 |
263 |
210 |
|
Biomedicine and health |
1 859 |
1 052 |
1 511 |
758 |
13 |
8 |
158 |
144 |
8 |
7 |
169 |
135 |
|
Biotechnical sciences |
950 |
498 |
686 |
316 |
47 |
38 |
52 |
26 |
5 |
2 |
160 |
116 |
|
Social sciences |
1 557 |
881 |
1 280 |
670 |
38 |
28 |
99 |
68 |
11 |
7 |
129 |
108 |
|
Humanities |
1 044 |
619 |
903 |
505 |
6 |
1 |
40 |
35 |
14 |
6 |
81 |
72 |
|
Artistic field |
12 |
6 |
12 |
6 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
4.2. PERSONS IN FULL-TIME
AND PART-TIME EMPLOYMENT ENGAGED IN R&D EXPRESSED IN FULL-TIME EQUIVALENT
(FTE),
BY SECTORS, FIELDS OF SCIENCE AND SEX, 2008
Full time equivalent (FTE)
|
|
Total |
Researchers |
Research |
Technicians |
Managers |
Other supporting |
||||||
|
|
All |
Women |
All |
Women |
All |
Women |
All |
Women |
All |
Women |
All |
Women |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Sectors − total |
9 917,8 |
5 063,5 |
6 300,4 |
3 086,2 |
1 266,4 |
534,8 |
1 158,4 |
649,1 |
239,9 |
101,8 |
952,7 |
691,6 |
|
Life sciences |
1 805,3 |
926,3 |
1 165,6 |
588,8 |
198,2 |
96,9 |
183,2 |
80,2 |
22,6 |
13,0 |
235,7 |
147,4 |
|
Engineering |
2 929,4 |
967,4 |
1 663,3 |
511,7 |
637,5 |
163,7 |
332,5 |
121,6 |
99,6 |
24,8 |
196,5 |
145,6 |
|
Biomedicine and health |
1 934,5 |
1 231,5 |
1 352,9 |
797,6 |
64,6 |
48,2 |
327,5 |
233,9 |
56,0 |
37,0 |
133,5 |
114,8 |
|
Biotechnical sciences |
1 075,7 |
609,9 |
563,2 |
285,0 |
138,8 |
90,7 |
145,0 |
91,3 |
38,4 |
19,6 |
190,3 |
123,3 |
|
Social sciences |
1 260,8 |
764,4 |
826,4 |
467,6 |
171,3 |
103,7 |
140,2 |
99,0 |
16,2 |
5,1 |
106,7 |
89,0 |
|
Humanities |
870,9 |
538,6 |
701,8 |
419,1 |
50,0 |
29,6 |
30,0 |
23,1 |
7,1 |
2,3 |
82,0 |
64,5 |
|
Artistic field |
6,2 |
3,4 |
6,2 |
3,4 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
Interdisciplinary
field of |
35,0 |
22,0 |
21,0 |
13,0 |
6,0 |
2,0 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
8,0 |
7,0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Business sector |
2 534,9 |
1 197,3 |
1 078,7 |
502,2 |
630,7 |
230,0 |
520,8 |
284,4 |
167,1 |
73,8 |
137,6 |
106,9 |
|
Life sciences |
161,3 |
118,1 |
94,9 |
66,9 |
15,0 |
12,0 |
24,2 |
19,0 |
16,2 |
11,2 |
11,0 |
9,0 |
|
Engineering |
1 446,9 |
445,6 |
632,8 |
183,2 |
455,2 |
115,7 |
228,3 |
96,4 |
81,8 |
21,1 |
48,8 |
29,2 |
|
Biomedicine and health |
550,4 |
390,7 |
257,0 |
193,0 |
17,5 |
15,0 |
194,2 |
119,2 |
40,2 |
25,0 |
41,5 |
38,5 |
|
Biotechnical sciences |
295,0 |
202,4 |
88,8 |
57,1 |
81,6 |
58,0 |
67,6 |
46,7 |
28,9 |
16,5 |
28,1 |
24,1 |
|
Social sciences |
81,3 |
40,5 |
5,2 |
2,0 |
61,4 |
29,3 |
6,5 |
3,1 |
- |
- |
8,2 |
6,1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Government sector |
3 134,2 |
1 710,9 |
1 769,4 |
948,3 |
476,9 |
241,6 |
353,5 |
188,1 |
57,8 |
20,0 |
476,6 |
312,9 |
|
Life sciences |
1 202,3 |
598,6 |
699,9 |
360,8 |
169,5 |
77,0 |
133,0 |
48,0 |
6,4 |
1,8 |
193,5 |
111,0 |
|
Engineering |
220,8 |
80,8 |
54,0 |
15,0 |
82,8 |
23,8 |
26,0 |
7,0 |
16,0 |
3,0 |
42,0 |
32,0 |
|
Biomedicine and health |
423,6 |
254,5 |
310,2 |
169,7 |
41,9 |
29,7 |
43,0 |
31,0 |
11,8 |
8,5 |
16,7 |
15,6 |
|
Biotechnical sciences |
301,1 |
145,2 |
113,3 |
47,3 |
34,0 |
14,0 |
55,0 |
34,0 |
7,5 |
2,3 |
91,3 |
47,6 |
|
Social sciences |
488,2 |
312,7 |
222,2 |
122,9 |
100,0 |
68,3 |
78,5 |
55,5 |
14,5 |
4,0 |
73,0 |
62,0 |
|
Humanities |
463,2 |
297,1 |
348,8 |
219,6 |
42,7 |
26,8 |
18,0 |
12,6 |
1,6 |
0,4 |
52,1 |
37,7 |
|
Interdisciplinary
field of |
35,0 |
22,0 |
21,0 |
13,0 |
6,0 |
2,0 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
8,0 |
7,0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Non-profit sector |
14,2 |
5,5 |
6,7 |
2,0 |
5,5 |
2,5 |
- |
- |
1,0 |
- |
1,0 |
1,0 |
|
Humanities |
14,2 |
5,5 |
6,7 |
2,0 |
5,5 |
2,5 |
- |
- |
1,0 |
- |
1,0 |
1,0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Higher education |
4 234,5 |
2 149,8 |
3 445,6 |
1 633,7 |
153,3 |
60,7 |
284,1 |
176,6 |
14,0 |
8,0 |
337,5 |
270,8 |
|
Life sciences |
441,7 |
209,6 |
370,8 |
161,1 |
13,7 |
7,9 |
26,0 |
13,2 |
- |
- |
31,2 |
27,4 |
|
Engineering |
1 261,7 |
441,0 |
976,5 |
313,5 |
99,5 |
24,2 |
78,2 |
18,2 |
1,8 |
0,7 |
105,7 |
84,4 |
|
Biomedicine and health |
960,5 |
586,3 |
785,7 |
434,9 |
5,2 |
3,5 |
90,3 |
83,7 |
4,0 |
3,5 |
75,3 |
60,7 |
|
Biotechnical sciences |
479,6 |
262,3 |
361,1 |
180,6 |
23,2 |
18,7 |
22,4 |
10,6 |
2,0 |
0,8 |
70,9 |
51,6 |
|
Social sciences |
691,3 |
411,2 |
599,0 |
342,7 |
9,9 |
6,1 |
55,2 |
40,4 |
1,7 |
1,1 |
25,5 |
20,9 |
|
Humanities |
393,5 |
236,0 |
346,3 |
197,5 |
1,8 |
0,3 |
12,0 |
10,5 |
4,5 |
1,9 |
28,9 |
25,8 |
|
Artistic field |
6,2 |
3,4 |
6,2 |
3,4 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
5.1. RESEARCHERS IN FULL-TIME AND PART-TIME EMPLOYMENT, BY ACADEMIC DEGREE/TITLE, SECTORS, FIELDS OF SCIENCE AND SEX, 2008
Headcount
|
|
Researchers in full-time and part-time employment |
|||||||||
|
|
Total |
Doctors of science |
Masters of science |
Specialists |
University degree |
|||||
|
|
All |
Women |
All |
Women |
All |
Women |
All |
Women |
All |
Women |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Sectors − total |
10 767 |
4 952 |
5 723 |
2 385 |
1 551 |
745 |
240 |
120 |
3 253 |
1 702 |
|
Life sciences |
1 428 |
698 |
896 |
385 |
116 |
68 |
1 |
- |
415 |
245 |
|
Engineering |
2 869 |
859 |
1 194 |
317 |
476 |
161 |
68 |
23 |
1 131 |
358 |
|
Biomedicine and health |
2 757 |
1 424 |
1 567 |
697 |
439 |
234 |
110 |
56 |
641 |
437 |
|
Biotechnical sciences |
897 |
426 |
481 |
189 |
96 |
49 |
3 |
1 |
317 |
187 |
|
Social sciences |
1 516 |
796 |
770 |
358 |
256 |
143 |
33 |
24 |
457 |
271 |
|
Humanities |
1 267 |
730 |
796 |
431 |
162 |
85 |
25 |
16 |
284 |
198 |
|
Artistic field |
12 |
6 |
5 |
1 |
2 |
1 |
- |
- |
5 |
4 |
|
Interdisciplinary
field of |
21 |
13 |
14 |
7 |
4 |
4 |
- |
- |
3 |
2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Business sector |
1 250 |
548 |
135 |
61 |
238 |
85 |
26 |
4 |
851 |
398 |
|
Life sciences |
97 |
69 |
35 |
22 |
13 |
11 |
- |
- |
49 |
36 |
|
Engineering |
792 |
222 |
57 |
15 |
175 |
44 |
21 |
2 |
539 |
161 |
|
Biomedicine and health |
257 |
193 |
31 |
22 |
31 |
23 |
- |
- |
195 |
148 |
|
Biotechnical sciences |
97 |
62 |
12 |
2 |
14 |
6 |
3 |
1 |
68 |
53 |
|
Social sciences |
7 |
2 |
- |
- |
5 |
1 |
2 |
1 |
- |
- |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Government sector |
2 465 |
1 258 |
1 487 |
711 |
415 |
219 |
137 |
73 |
426 |
255 |
|
Life sciences |
703 |
362 |
492 |
231 |
48 |
28 |
- |
- |
163 |
103 |
|
Engineering |
54 |
15 |
11 |
3 |
17 |
4 |
- |
- |
26 |
8 |
|
Biomedicine and health |
989 |
473 |
554 |
243 |
236 |
119 |
110 |
56 |
89 |
55 |
|
Biotechnical sciences |
114 |
48 |
63 |
21 |
23 |
13 |
- |
- |
28 |
14 |
|
Social sciences |
229 |
124 |
124 |
64 |
39 |
21 |
3 |
1 |
63 |
38 |
|
Humanities |
355 |
223 |
229 |
142 |
48 |
30 |
24 |
16 |
54 |
35 |
|
Interdisciplinary
field of |
21 |
13 |
14 |
7 |
4 |
4 |
- |
- |
3 |
2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Non-profit sector |
9 |
2 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
9 |
2 |
|
Humanities |
9 |
2 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
9 |
2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Higher education |
7 043 |
3 144 |
4 101 |
1 613 |
898 |
441 |
77 |
43 |
1 967 |
1 047 |
|
Life sciences |
628 |
267 |
369 |
132 |
55 |
29 |
1 |
- |
203 |
106 |
|
Engineering |
2 023 |
622 |
1 126 |
299 |
284 |
113 |
47 |
21 |
566 |
189 |
|
Biomedicine and health |
1 511 |
758 |
982 |
432 |
172 |
92 |
- |
- |
357 |
234 |
|
Biotechnical sciences |
686 |
316 |
406 |
166 |
59 |
30 |
- |
- |
221 |
120 |
|
Social sciences |
1 280 |
670 |
646 |
294 |
212 |
121 |
28 |
22 |
394 |
233 |
|
Humanities |
903 |
505 |
567 |
289 |
114 |
55 |
1 |
- |
221 |
161 |
|
Artistic field |
12 |
6 |
5 |
1 |
2 |
1 |
- |
- |
5 |
4 |
5.2. RESEARCHERS IN FULL-TIME AND PART-TIME EMPLOYMENT EXPRESSED IN FULL TIME EQUIVALENT (FTE), BY ACADEMIC DEGREE/TITLE, SECTORS, FIELDS OF SCIENCE AND SEX, 2008
Full time equivalent (FTE)
|
|
Researchers in full-time and part-time employment |
|||||||||
|
|
Total |
Doctors of science |
Masters of science |
Specialists |
University degree |
|||||
|
|
All |
Women |
All |
Women |
All |
Women |
All |
Women |
All |
Women |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Sectors − total |
6 300,4 |
3 086,2 |
3 019,1 |
1 351,9 |
877,3 |
436,7 |
123,1 |
60,2 |
2 280,9 |
1 237,4 |
|
Life sciences |
1 165,6 |
588,8 |
720,6 |
321,8 |
95,1 |
57,1 |
0,5 |
- |
349,4 |
209,9 |
|
Engineering |
1 663,3 |
511,7 |
548,9 |
151,8 |
290,9 |
94,5 |
49,6 |
15,8 |
773,9 |
249,6 |
|
Biomedicine and health |
1 352,9 |
797,6 |
666,8 |
337,0 |
183,8 |
104,2 |
21,1 |
10,8 |
481,2 |
345,6 |
|
Biotechnical sciences |
563,2 |
285,0 |
262,8 |
103,8 |
70,9 |
37,9 |
3,0 |
1,0 |
226,5 |
142,3 |
|
Social sciences |
826,4 |
467,6 |
375,4 |
191,5 |
141,8 |
84,1 |
24,4 |
16,6 |
284,8 |
175,4 |
|
Humanities |
701,8 |
419,1 |
428,2 |
238,6 |
90,2 |
54,7 |
24,5 |
16,0 |
158,9 |
109,8 |
|
Artistic field |
6,2 |
3,4 |
2,4 |
0,4 |
0,6 |
0,2 |
- |
- |
3,2 |
2,8 |
|
Interdisciplinary
field of |
21,0 |
13,0 |
14,0 |
7,0 |
4,0 |
4,0 |
- |
- |
3,0 |
2,0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Business sector |
1 078,7 |
502,2 |
118,8 |
55,8 |
193,6 |
73,6 |
25,1 |
4,0 |
741,2 |
368,8 |
|
Life sciences |
94,9 |
66,9 |
35,0 |
22,0 |
12,5 |
10,5 |
- |
- |
47,4 |
34,4 |
|
Engineering |
632,8 |
183,2 |
41,2 |
9,8 |
133,9 |
33,1 |
20,1 |
2,0 |
437,6 |
138,3 |
|
Biomedicine and health |
257,0 |
193,0 |
31,0 |
22,0 |
31,0 |
23,0 |
- |
- |
195,0 |
148,0 |
|
Biotechnical sciences |
88,8 |
57,1 |
11,6 |
2,0 |
13,0 |
6,0 |
3,0 |
1,0 |
61,2 |
48,1 |
|
Social sciences |
5,2 |
2,0 |
- |
- |
3,2 |
1,0 |
2,0 |
1,0 |
- |
- |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Government sector |
1 769,4 |
948,3 |
1 102,9 |
556,7 |
226,5 |
126,4 |
48,1 |
27,8 |
391,9 |
237,4 |
|
Life sciences |
699,9 |
360,8 |
489,3 |
230,2 |
48,0 |
28,0 |
- |
- |
162,6 |
102,6 |
|
Engineering |
54,0 |
15,0 |
11,0 |
3,0 |
17,0 |
4,0 |
- |
- |
26,0 |
8,0 |
|
Biomedicine and health |
310,2 |
169,7 |
182,2 |
93,9 |
51,0 |
26,4 |
21,1 |
10,8 |
55,9 |
38,6 |
|
Biotechnical sciences |
113,3 |
47,3 |
62,3 |
20,3 |
23,0 |
13,0 |
- |
- |
28,0 |
14,0 |
|
Social sciences |
222,2 |
122,9 |
117,5 |
63,2 |
39,0 |
21,0 |
3,0 |
1,0 |
62,7 |
37,7 |
|
Humanities |
348,8 |
219,6 |
226,6 |
139,1 |
44,5 |
30,0 |
24,0 |
16,0 |
53,7 |
34,5 |
|
Interdisciplinary field
of |
21,0 |
13,0 |
14,0 |
7,0 |
4,0 |
4,0 |
- |
- |
3,0 |
2,0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Non-profit sector |
6,7 |
2,0 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
6,7 |
2,0 |
|
Humanities |
6,7 |
2,0 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
6,7 |
2,0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Higher education |
3 445,6 |
1 633,7 |
1 797,4 |
739,4 |
457,2 |
236,7 |
49,9 |
28,4 |
1 141,1 |
629,2 |
|
Life sciences |
370,8 |
161,1 |
196,3 |
69,6 |
34,6 |
18,6 |
0,5 |
- |
139,4 |
72,9 |
|
Engineering |
976,5 |
313,5 |
496,7 |
139,0 |
140,0 |
57,4 |
29,5 |
13,8 |
310,3 |
103,3 |
|
Biomedicine and health |
785,7 |
434,9 |
453,6 |
221,1 |
101,8 |
54,8 |
- |
- |
230,3 |
159,0 |
|
Biotechnical sciences |
361,1 |
180,6 |
188,9 |
81,5 |
34,9 |
18,9 |
- |
- |
137,3 |
80,2 |
|
Social sciences |
599,0 |
342,7 |
257,9 |
128,3 |
99,6 |
62,1 |
19,4 |
14,6 |
222,1 |
137,7 |
|
Humanities |
346,3 |
197,5 |
201,6 |
99,5 |
45,7 |
24,7 |
0,5 |
- |
98,5 |
73,3 |
|
Artistic field |
6,2 |
3,4 |
2,4 |
0,4 |
0,6 |
0,2 |
- |
- |
3,2 |
2,8 |
6.1. PERSONS HIRED UNDER CONTRACTUAL
AGREEMENT OR AUTHOR'S CONTRACT, BY SECTORS, FIELDS OF SCIENCE
AND SEX, 2008
Headcount
|
|
Persons hired under contractual agreement or author's contract |
|||||||
|
|
Total |
Researchers |
Research associates |
Other |
||||
|
|
All |
Women |
All |
Women |
All |
Women |
All |
Women |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Sectors − total |
1 773 |
831 |
1 148 |
472 |
306 |
113 |
319 |
246 |
|
Life sciences |
353 |
125 |
236 |
74 |
73 |
24 |
44 |
27 |
|
Engineering |
281 |
65 |
115 |
22 |
135 |
38 |
31 |
5 |
|
Biomedicine and health |
542 |
392 |
301 |
182 |
15 |
10 |
226 |
200 |
|
Biotechnical sciences |
10 |
- |
5 |
- |
5 |
- |
- |
- |
|
Social sciences |
283 |
147 |
247 |
122 |
25 |
16 |
11 |
9 |
|
Humanities |
300 |
100 |
244 |
72 |
49 |
23 |
7 |
5 |
|
Artistic field |
4 |
2 |
- |
- |
4 |
2 |
- |
- |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Business sector |
85 |
27 |
49 |
13 |
18 |
4 |
18 |
10 |
|
Life sciences |
28 |
15 |
14 |
4 |
3 |
3 |
11 |
8 |
|
Engineering |
48 |
9 |
31 |
7 |
11 |
1 |
6 |
1 |
|
Biomedicine and health |
4 |
3 |
3 |
2 |
- |
- |
1 |
1 |
|
Biotechnical sciences |
5 |
- |
1 |
- |
4 |
- |
- |
- |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Government sector |
622 |
266 |
386 |
169 |
178 |
76 |
58 |
21 |
|
Life sciences |
96 |
20 |
48 |
8 |
42 |
11 |
6 |
1 |
|
Engineering |
111 |
39 |
8 |
3 |
78 |
32 |
25 |
4 |
|
Biomedicine and health |
71 |
48 |
46 |
35 |
11 |
7 |
14 |
6 |
|
Biotechnical sciences |
4 |
- |
4 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
Social sciences |
242 |
126 |
214 |
107 |
22 |
14 |
6 |
5 |
|
Humanities |
98 |
33 |
66 |
16 |
25 |
12 |
7 |
5 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Higher education |
1 066 |
538 |
713 |
290 |
110 |
33 |
243 |
215 |
|
Life sciences |
229 |
90 |
174 |
62 |
28 |
10 |
27 |
18 |
|
Engineering |
122 |
17 |
76 |
12 |
46 |
5 |
- |
- |
|
Biomedicine and health |
467 |
341 |
252 |
145 |
4 |
3 |
211 |
193 |
|
Biotechnical sciences |
1 |
- |
- |
- |
1 |
- |
- |
- |
|
Social sciences |
41 |
21 |
33 |
15 |
3 |
2 |
5 |
4 |
|
Humanities |
202 |
67 |
178 |
56 |
24 |
11 |
- |
- |
|
Artistic field |
4 |
2 |
- |
- |
4 |
2 |
- |
- |
6.2. PERSONS HIRED UNDER CONTRACTUAL AGREEMENT
OR AUTHOR'S CONTRACT EXPRESSED IN FULL TIME EQUIVALENT
(FTE), BY SECTORS, FIELDS OF SCIENCE AND SEX, 2008
Full time equivalent (FTE)
|
|
Persons hired under contractual agreement or author's contract |
|||||||
|
|
Total |
Researchers |
Research associates |
Other |
||||
|
|
All |
Women |
All |
Women |
All |
Women |
All |
Women |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Sectors − total |
665,4 |
337,2 |
396,1 |
176,1 |
116,9 |
47,0 |
152,4 |
114,1 |
|
Life sciences |
143,2 |
56,2 |
91,8 |
29,3 |
25,6 |
10,4 |
25,8 |
16,5 |
|
Engineering |
118,6 |
30,0 |
44,1 |
8,9 |
60,3 |
18,9 |
14,2 |
2,2 |
|
Biomedicine and health |
281,1 |
200,8 |
162,7 |
102,4 |
13,0 |
8,5 |
105,4 |
89,9 |
|
Biotechnical sciences |
7,2 |
- |
4,2 |
- |
3,0 |
- |
- |
- |
|
Social sciences |
53,3 |
28,7 |
41,9 |
19,4 |
5,8 |
4,8 |
5,6 |
4,5 |
|
Humanities |
61,6 |
21,3 |
51,4 |
16,1 |
8,8 |
4,2 |
1,4 |
1,0 |
|
Artistic field |
0,4 |
0,2 |
- |
- |
0,4 |
0,2 |
- |
- |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Business sector |
40,2 |
18,1 |
19,1 |
6,9 |
8,1 |
2,7 |
13,0 |
8,5 |
|
Life sciences |
22,2 |
13,0 |
9,7 |
3,5 |
2,2 |
2,2 |
10,3 |
7,3 |
|
Engineering |
11,3 |
2,1 |
6,2 |
1,4 |
3,4 |
0,5 |
1,7 |
0,2 |
|
Biomedicine and health |
4,0 |
3,0 |
3,0 |
2,0 |
- |
- |
1,0 |
1,0 |
|
Biotechnical sciences |
2,7 |
- |
0,2 |
- |
2,5 |
- |
- |
- |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Government sector |
219,3 |
100,3 |
118,9 |
58,1 |
69,9 |
32,5 |
30,5 |
9,7 |
|
Life sciences |
24,0 |
4,8 |
12,0 |
1,6 |
10,0 |
3,0 |
2,0 |
0,2 |
|
Engineering |
59,5 |
21,0 |
8,0 |
3,0 |
39,0 |
16,0 |
12,5 |
2,0 |
|
Biomedicine and health |
71,0 |
48,0 |
46,0 |
35,0 |
11,0 |
7,0 |
14,0 |
6,0 |
|
Biotechnical sciences |
4,0 |
- |
4,0 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
Social sciences |
32,3 |
17,1 |
26,8 |
12,5 |
4,9 |
4,1 |
0,6 |
0,5 |
|
Humanities |
28,5 |
9,4 |
22,1 |
6,0 |
5,0 |
2,4 |
1,4 |
1,0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Higher education |
405,9 |
218,8 |
258,1 |
111,1 |
38,9 |
11,8 |
108,9 |
95,9 |
|
Life sciences |
97,0 |
38,4 |
70,1 |
24,2 |
13,4 |
5,2 |
13,5 |
9,0 |
|
Engineering |
47,8 |
6,9 |
29,9 |
4,5 |
17,9 |
2,4 |
- |
- |
|
Biomedicine and health |
206,1 |
149,8 |
113,7 |
65,4 |
2,0 |
1,5 |
90,4 |
82,9 |
|
Biotechnical sciences |
0,5 |
- |
- |
- |
0,5 |
- |
- |
- |
|
Social sciences |
21,0 |
11,6 |
15,1 |
6,9 |
0,9 |
0,7 |
5,0 |
4,0 |
|
Humanities |
33,1 |
11,9 |
29,3 |
10,1 |
3,8 |
1,8 |
- |
- |
|
Artistic field |
0,4 |
0,2 |
- |
- |
0,4 |
0,2 |
- |
- |
7.1. RESEARCHERS HIRED UNDER CONTRACTUAL AGREEMENT OR AUTHOR'S CONTRACT, BY ACADEMIC DEGREE/TITLE,
SECTORS, FIELDS OF SCIENCE AND SEX, 2008
Headcount
|
|
Researchers hired under contractual agreement or author's contract |
|||||||||
|
|
Total |
Doctors of science |
Masters of science |
Specialists |
University degree |
|||||
|
|
All |
Women |
All |
Women |
All |
Women |
All |
Women |
All |
Women |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Sectors − total |
1 148 |
472 |
720 |
254 |
179 |
96 |
64 |
31 |
185 |
91 |
|
Life sciences |
236 |
74 |
158 |
41 |
26 |
11 |
47 |
21 |
5 |
1 |
|
Engineering |
115 |
22 |
48 |
7 |
25 |
7 |
2 |
- |
40 |
8 |
|
Biomedicine and health |
301 |
182 |
136 |
79 |
54 |
35 |
14 |
10 |
97 |
58 |
|
Biotechnical sciences |
5 |
- |
5 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
Social sciences |
247 |
122 |
190 |
90 |
42 |
25 |
- |
- |
15 |
7 |
|
Humanities |
244 |
72 |
183 |
37 |
32 |
18 |
1 |
- |
28 |
17 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|